Exploring the Functional and Structural Development of Attention & ADHD in Childhood

Abstract

Attention is a long studied cognitive function present in the day-to-day behaviors of most people. While it is not easily defined, attention is an act of cortical processing developed at a very young age. In this review of relevant literature, we observe the neurobiological foundations for attention. We outline three pieces of attention, executive selecting, orienting, and alerting, and explore the anatomical regions and systems that are responsible for these behaviors. With that foundation, we discuss the literature surrounding cortical connections that aid in carrying out attention behaviors and the methods used to discern them. We analyze literature about Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a very popularized and well-studied disorder within the realm of attention. Finally, we discuss the attention mechanisms that relate to ADHD, such as neurotransmitter deficits and connectivity malfunctions.