Shifting Paradigms in Lithium Extraction: A Comparative Analysis of Technological Efficiency and Economic Viability Behind Mining Techniques: A Case Study of the Lithium Triangle

Abstract

The focus of this work is assessing the technological efficiencies and economic viability of lithium brine extraction mining techniques in order to determine the most suitable extraction method amid the increasing global demand for lithium, driven by the renewable energy sector. This thesis provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of two primary lithium extraction technologies—Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE) and Evaporative Technology—within the geopolitically significant Lithium Triangle, encompassing Chile and Argentina. It lays the foundation with a critical review of existing literature, outlining the environmental urgency and economic imperatives that necessitate improved lithium extraction methods. It also establishes the stakes involved in the Lithium Triangle, a region that holds the majority of the world’s lithium reserves. The work delves into a detailed examination of the technological and economic aspects of DLE and Evaporative Technology. Technological efficiency assessments reveal that DLE offers lower energy and water usage, higher recovery rates, and reduced waste production compared to Evaporative Technology. Economically, although DLE presents higher initial capital costs, its superior operational efficiencies promise better long-term returns, justified through detailed cost-benefit analysis modeled on market demands and environmental impacts. The integration of these findings highlights a shift towards more sustainable and economically viable lithium extraction practices. This work aims to inform stakeholders, including policymakers and industry leaders, providing them with a data-driven foundation for making informed decisions that align with technological sustainability goals and economic viability in the face of an expanding industry.