Innovative Agriculture within City Limits: Defining and Supporting Urban Farms for Resilient Communities

Abstract

Post-World War II urbanization and sprawl in New Jersey has strained the state’s farmland, leading to policies like the Right to Farm Act to support agriculture. However, urban development and historic marginalization have created barriers to fresh produce access, resulting in food insecurity within urban areas. Urban agriculture has emerged as a potential solution, with operations producing fresh produce using innovative techniques and located in or near food deserts. Yet, there is a lack of an official definition or comprehensive research on these farms in New Jersey. This study addressed this gap by interviewing 15 urban farms across New Jersey and New York. The findings reveal a diverse landscape, with small-scale private farms and larger, publicly supported initiatives repurposing urban spaces and employing polyculture. However, the farms face unique challenges such as soil quality concerns and difficulties implementing sustainable practices. Based on the findings, a definition of an “urban farm” is a “grower” operation, often less than 5 acres, producing “hyperlocal produce” primarily grown and distributed within designated food deserts. This acknowledges the distinct nature of urban farms and incentivizes local food production. The study demonstrates the need for policymakers to consider the unique characteristics and challenges faced by urban farmers to develop targeted support and resources. This would aid in addressing and improving food security in urban communities.