Design, Construction, and Comparative Analysis of Piezoelectric and Electromagnetic Pickup Systems in Electric Cellos

Abstract

As the possibilities for electric classical instruments grow, there is a need for performance metrics to evaluate the tonal quality and timbre of different amplification techniques. This thesis presents the design, construction, and comparative analysis of a functional electric cello prototype. The objective is to explore innovative instrument structural designs and conduct a comparison of three pickup types. The body construction investigates the use of 3D printing in conjunction with traditional acoustic cello parts and wood. The electrical design implements a piezoelectric disc, piezoelectric wire, and modular EM pickups, including the ability to switch between them. To assess pickup performance, a comprehensive analysis was conducted across the full cello frequency range to understand the effects of bowing and plucking. The main testing methods were spectrograms, power spectral density (PSD), root mean square (RMS), and SPEAR harmonic analysis. The results indicated that pickup placement and type have a significant effect on tonal balance, harmonic emphasis, and orchestral timbre. The work presented in this thesis creates a foundation for future research into the design of electric cellos using alternative manufacturing methods, like 3D printing and integration of robust amplification systems.