Around the World of LEDs in 60 Hz: Real-Time Sync for Distributed Embedded Lighting

Abstract

This report presents the design and implementation of a microcontroller-based lighting and control architecture for an interactive, Pyramid-shaped performance stage inspired by Daft Punk [1, 2]. The project focused on a customized embedded system that integrated MIDI-driven synchronization with distributed lighting control, with a common serial communication protocol. The implemented system consisted of an ESP32-based master controller [3] that interpreted user inputs and timing information, transmitting control data to multiple follower nodes over an RS-485 communication bus. A custom, packet-based protocol was developed in order to support device discovery, logical address assignment, and real-time command and synchronization updates across the network. Each follower hub received these packets, performed local parsing and state updates, and drove addressable WS2812B LED outputs accordingly. The system architecture was designed to be modular and scalable, using RJ45- based interconnections and a shared differential communication bus to support multiple distributed lighting nodes. Local power distribution buses for a set number of hubs enabled stable operation of both the microcontroller and LED loads. Experimental results demonstrated reliable communication, correct packet parsing, and synchronized LED behavior across multiple nodes, validating the feasibility of the distributed lighting control approach.