Expanding Healthcare Access: Broadband Internet and Telehealth in Virginia

Abstract

Following the outbreak of COVID-19, telehealth emerged as a replacement for traditional in-person healthcare. Providers across many medical specialties quickly adapted to online appointments, as quarantines confined millions to their homes. During the transition, however, not all households benefited equally. Throughout the country, urban populations saw much higher rates of telehealth use than their rural counterparts. Across Virginia, rural populations have limited access to in-person medical care, making telehealth a critical piece in closing the healthcare divide.

Rural portions of the state have less access to broadband internet infrastructure, often preventing the use of online healthcare. Policymakers designate broadband internet access as the primary barrier preventing equal telehealth use among different populations. However, other factors, such as digital literacy, insurance coverage, and provider inexperience are important variables to consider when evaluating the growth and efficacy of telemedicine.

This research examines the relationship between broadband internet access and telehealth use. Using a mixed-methods analysis, consisting of interviews with hospital administrators and an analysis of existing data on telehealth in Virginia, the impact of several variables is studied.

Findings from this analysis suggest that though broadband internet is foundational in expanding telehealth use, other barriers must be addressed in order to promote the growth of virtual care. Current telehealth research, as well as responses from hospital administrators across the state note several factors contributing to lower usage rates, including: (1) digital literacy, (2) provider inexperience with telehealth technology, (3) insurance coverage, (4) limited mobile data, and 5) device types. Even in locations where broadband is established, these factors continue to hinder patients’ use of and satisfaction with telemedical services.

This paper outlines several policy recommendations to address these concerns. First, broadband internet access must remain a priority for policymakers. Many rural counties still lack access to stable internet connection and require continued investment from broadband initiatives in order to access virtual healthcare. Second, digital literacy must be addressed, for both patients and healthcare providers alike. Third, payment-parity must remain in place, as those unable to travel to in-person facilities may be limited in their options for medical attention. Finally, community telehealth access points must be supported for those requiring in-person telehealth education. Without addressing these additional barriers, outside of broadband access, telehealth use will fail to see widespread improvement across the state of Virginia.